Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in the joints, especially in the hands, wrists, and knees. Over time, RA can damage the joints and make movement painful and difficult. It is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

🔍 Key Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis:

1. Joint Pain and Swelling:
   • Affects both sides of the body (e.g., both wrists or knees)
   • Common in smaller joints like fingers and toes
2. Stiffness, Especially in the Morning:
   • Joints feel stiff for 30 minutes or more after waking up
3. Fatigue:
   • Feeling tired or weak even after rest
4. Loss of Joint Function:
   • Difficulty moving joints normally
5. Redness or Warmth around Joints:
   • Joints may appear red and feel warm to the touch

⚠️ Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis:

• Genetic Factors: RA can run in families
• Immune System Problems: The immune system attacks healthy tissues in the joints
• Hormones: RA is more common in women, and can be linked to hormonal changes
• Environmental Triggers: Smoking, infections, and stress can trigger or worsen RA

🏥 How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?

1. Physical Examination:
   • A doctor checks for joint swelling, tenderness, and movement
2. Blood Tests:
   • To check for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies—markers of RA
   • Inflammation markers like ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) or CRP (C-reactive protein)
3. X-rays or Ultrasound:
   • To assess joint damage and inflammation

💊 Treatment for RA:

There is no cure for RA, but treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage.

1. Medications:
   • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Slow disease progression (e.g., methotrexate)
   • Biologics: Target specific parts of the immune system (e.g., TNF inhibitors)
   • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Relieve pain and swelling
   • Steroids: Reduce inflammation quickly but used short-term
2. Physical Therapy:
   • Exercises to improve joint function and prevent stiffness
3. Surgery:
   • In severe cases, surgery might be needed to repair or replace damaged joints

⚕️Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis:

• Exercise Regularly: Helps improve joint flexibility and reduces stiffness
• Rest and Recovery: Take breaks to avoid overuse of affected joints
• Healthy Diet: Eating anti-inflammatory foods (like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3-rich fish) may help manage symptoms
• Joint Protection: Use assistive devices or supports for easier movement
• Mental Health Support: RA can affect your mood, so seeking emotional support is important

✅ How to Prevent or Manage RA Flare-ups:

1. Avoid Stress: Stress can trigger flare-ups
2.  Quit Smoking: Smoking is a risk factor for RA
3. Healthy Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints
4. Early Treatment: The sooner treatment starts, the better it is at controlling symptoms

⚠️Quick Facts:

• RA is a lifelong condition but can be managed with treatment.
• Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent joint damage.
• Women are more likely to develop RA than men.
• Physical activity and a healthy diet can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.